What safeguards can help manage test anxiety?

Preparation, practice, and relaxation techniques are effective safeguards for managing test anxiety because they collectively build confidence and equip individuals with the necessary skills and mindset to face tests more calmly. Preparation involves mastering the content, which reduces uncertainty and boosts self-assurance. Regular practice familiarizes students with the test format and types of questions, making the experience less daunting.

Incorporating relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or mindfulness exercises, helps to calm the mind and body, countering the physiological effects of anxiety. Together, these strategies create a comprehensive approach that addresses both the academic and emotional facets of test-taking, leading to improved performance and reduced anxiety levels.

The other options do not provide constructive strategies for managing anxiety. Avoiding practice can increase feelings of uncertainty and lack of readiness. Relying on caffeine may lead to heightened anxiety and restlessness rather than focus. Similarly, studying less can leave one unprepared, possibly aggravating anxiety instead of alleviating it.